Examples disclosed herein relate to classifying paper based on three-dimensional characteristics of the paper. For example, a representation of the three-dimensional characteristics of the paper may be created, and statistical ...

A novel three-dimensional (3D) surface texture measure (3DSTM) is presented based on the micro-geometry of paper surfaces to classify different paper substrates. This is useful to automatically determine whether a document ...

We unify the parallel composition rule of assumption-commitment specifications for respectively state-based and message-based concurrent processes. Without providing language-dependent definitions, we first assume that the ...

Memetic Computing (MC) structures are algorithms composed of heterogeneous operators (memes) for solving optimization problems. In order to address these problems, this study investigates and proposes a simple yet extremely ...

Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) have shown to be efficient in dealing with many-objective optimization problems (MaOPs) due to their ability to obtain a set of compromising solutions which not only converge toward the Pareto ...

We propose a novel generalized algorithmic framework to utilize particle filter for optimization incorporated with the swarm move method in particle swarm optimization (PSO). In this way, the PSO update equation is treated ...

Recently, there has been an increasing concern from the evolutionary computation community on dynamic optimization problems since many real-world optimization problems are dynamic. This paper investigates a particle swarm ...

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the study of particle swarm optimization (PSO) in dynamic environments. This paper presents a new PSO model, called PSO with composite particles (PSO-CP), to address ...