Sustained activation of P2X7 induces MMP-2-evoked cleavage and functional purinoceptor inhibition.
Date
2017-08-18Author
Abstract
P2X7 purinoceptor promotes survival or cytotoxicity depending on extracellular ATP (eATP) stimulus intensity controlling its ion channel or P2X7-dependent large pore (LP) functions. Mechanisms governing this operational divergence and functional idiosyncrasy are ill-understood. We have discovered a feedback loop where sustained activation of P2X7 triggers release of active MMP-2, which halts ion channel and LP responses via the MMP-2-dependent receptor cleavage. This mechanism operates in cells as diverse as macrophages, dystrophic myoblasts, P2X7-transfected HEK293 and human tumor cells. Given that serum-born MMP-2 activity also blocked receptor functions, P2X7 responses in vivo may decrease in organs with permeable capillaries. Therefore, this mechanism represents an important fine-tuning of P2X7 functions, reliant on both cell-autonomous and extraneous factors. Indeed, it allowed evasion from the ATP-induced cytotoxicity in macrophages and human cancer cells with high P2X7 expression levels. Finally, we demonstrate that P2X7 ablation eliminated gelatinase activity in inflamed dystrophic muscles in vivo. Thus, P2X7 antagonists could be used as an alternative to highly toxic MMP inhibitors in treatments of inflammatory diseases and cancers.
Description
From the 1School of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 5RR, UK, the 2Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK, 3Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland, the 4PRIMACEN, Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy, Inserm, IBiSA and PISSARO Proteomic Platform, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen; 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
Citation : Young, C.N.J. et al. (2017) Sustained activation of P2X7 induces MMP-2-evoked cleavage and functional purinoceptor inhibition. Journal of Molecular Cell Biology, 10 (3), pp. 229-242
Research Institute : Leicester Institute for Pharmaceutical Innovation - From Molecules to Practice (LIPI)
Peer Reviewed : Yes